灵芝提取物

一、基本资料

二、提取方法

三、研究及应用状况

自二十世纪八十年代以来，有关灵芝的研究取得了很大的进展，通过中药化学、药理学、免疫学、分子生物学、现代基础医学和临床医学等多学科紧密结合，从不同层次，多种指标上，逐渐揭示了灵芝的奥妙，证明灵芝不仅是一味滋补强身壮体的药物，而且对心脑血管疾病、高脂血症、神经衰弱、胃肠疾病、呼吸道疾病、肝炎、免疫性疾病和肿瘤等疾病有着确实的治疗作用。
到目前为止，已从灵芝中分离出近二百种化合物，其化学分类为多糖、核苷、呋喃、三萜、甾醇、生物碱、蛋白质、氨基酸和微量元素等十大类。实验室及临床研究都已分别揭示了这些化合物就是灵芝的药理活性成分。下面就对这些活性成分的药理作用与相关疾病的关系做一概述：
1 ．灵芝多糖
灵芝多糖（ Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide ）目前已分离到的有 200 多种，多糖链由三股单糖链构成，是一种螺旋状立体构形物，其立体构形和 DNA 、 RNA 相似。分子量从数百到数十万，除一小部分小分子多糖外，大多不溶于高浓度酒精，在热水中溶解，大多存在于灵芝细胞内壁。灵芝多糖大多为异多糖，即除含有葡萄糖外，大多还含有少量阿拉伯糖、木糖、岩藻糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖等其他单糖。灵芝多糖在国外亦在进行广泛、深入研究。
灵芝多糖是灵芝中最有效的成分之一，因此，也特别受到医药科技工作者的重视，研究报道也最多。现知灵芝多糖有广泛的药理活性，能提高机体免疫力，提高机体耐缺氧能力，消除自由基，抑制肿瘤、抗辐射，提高肝脏、骨髓、血液合成 DNA 、 RNA 、蛋白质能力，延长寿命等。灵芝的多种药理活性大多和灵芝多糖有关。
2 ．灵芝酸
灵芝酸（ Ganodenic acid ）是一种三萜类物质，各种灵芝中已分离到的灵芝酸已达 100 多种，如灵芝酸 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 、 E 、 F 、 G 、 I 等。灵芝酸在不同种的灵芝中或同一种不同生长阶段的子实体中，其含量是不同的，所以其苦味程度也有不同，一般味苦的灵芝其灵芝酸含量往往较高，灵芝子实体中灵芝酸含量是随着其成熟度的提高而递增，且集中在子实体的外周部位。
灵芝酸具有强烈的药理活性，有止痛、镇静、抑制组织胺释放、解毒、保肝、毒杀肿瘤细胞等功效，是灵芝的主 要成分之一。 其中，尤其重视灵芝酸 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 的含量，认为灵芝酸含量高，灵芝产品质量就好。
3 ．腺苷
腺苷是以核苷和嘌呤为基本构造的活性物质。灵芝含有多种腺苷衍生物，都有较强的药理活性，能降低血液黏度，抑制体内血小板聚集，能提高血红蛋白、 2 、 3 一二磷酸苷油的含量，能提高血液供氧能力和加速血液微循环，提高血液对心、脑的供氧能力。灵芝腺苷是一种活性很强的物质，是灵芝的主要有效成分之一。
4 ．其他有效成分
A ．赤芝孢子内酯 A ：有降胆固醇作用。
B ．赤芝孢子酸 A ：有降转氨酶作用。
C ．赤芝碱甲、赤芝碱乙：抗炎。
D ．尿嘧啶和尿嘧啶核苷：降低实验性肌强直症小鼠血清醛宿酶。
E ．腺嘌呤核苷：镇静、抗缺氧。
F ．油酸：抑制 48/80 及 2318 化合物引起的肥大细胞释放组织胺，此外，还有膜稳定作用。
G ．灵芝总碱：明显增大麻醉犬冠状动脉血流量，降低冠脉阻力及降低心肌耗氧量，提高心肌对氧的利用率，改善缺血心电图变化。
H ．灵芝纤维素：降胆固醇，预防动脉粥样硬化、便秘、糖尿病、高血压、脑血栓等。
根据灵芝效果的推测，灵芝除含有上述各种有效成分外，还含有许多目前尚未分离、鉴定的其他有效成分。

【英文名称】Lucid Ganoderma Extract

【拉丁名】Ganoderma Iucidum

【提取来源】多孔菌科真菌灵芝的干燥子实体

【药用部位】子实体

 本工厂长年生产各种植物药材提取物800多种，价格合理。符合出口标准。欢迎电话联系报价。
我工厂生产灵芝提取物直接采用台湾，日本技术纯净水提取，浓缩，喷雾成微细粉，制成颗粒剂出口台湾，香港，新加坡，美国，法国等国家

First, the basic information
【 Plant Name 】Ganoderma Lucidum
[English name] Lucid Ganoderma P.E.
[Source] Extracted from the fruit bodies, spores, and mycelium of the whole plant of the fungus plant Polyporaceae, Violet or Ganoderma lucidum.
[Resource Distribution] Zizhi is distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong and other places. Ganoderma lucidum is distributed in Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong and other places.
[Active Ingredients] Important active ingredients are Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, triterpenoids, organic guanidine, ganoderic acid and adenosine.
【Efficacy】 Ganoderma lucidum fruit body polysaccharides have the function of lowering blood sugar and lowering blood pressure; triterpenoids can inhibit histamine release and stimulate liver function; adenine nucleosides can inhibit platelet aggregation.
[Quality Standard] Generally, the content of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is standard.
Second, the extraction method
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extraction method:
1 . The polysaccharide components of Ganoderma lucidum are separated by hot water extraction and partial precipitation; further subjected to various chromatographic methods such as DEAE cellulose column chromatography, Sephadex G75 column chromatography, gel filtration such as Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration, high pressure electrophoresis The purified polysaccharide can be obtained by treatment with a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or the like.
2 . Biotechnology: Ganoderma lucidum liquid is deeply cultured and isolated from its mycelium.
Third, research and application status
Since the 1980s, research on Ganoderma lucidum has made great progress, through the close integration of traditional Chinese medicine chemistry, pharmacology, immunology, molecular biology, modern basic medicine and clinical medicine, from different levels, On various indicators, it gradually reveals the mystery of Ganoderma lucidum, which proves that Ganoderma lucidum is not only a drug that nourishes the body and strengthens the body, but also has cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia, neurasthenia, gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory diseases, hepatitis, immunity. Diseases such as diseases and tumors have a definite therapeutic effect.
So far, nearly 200 kinds of compounds have been isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, and their chemical classifications are among the top ten categories of polysaccharides, nucleosides, furans, triterpenoids, sterols, alkaloids, proteins, amino acids and trace elements. Both laboratory and clinical studies have revealed that these compounds are the pharmacologically active components of Ganoderma lucidum. The following is an overview of the relationship between the pharmacological effects of these active ingredients and related diseases:
1 . Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide
More than 200 kinds of Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide have been isolated. The polysaccharide chain is composed of three monosaccharide chains. It is a helical stereostructure with a stereo configuration similar to DNA and RNA. Molecular weights range from hundreds to hundreds of thousands. Except for a small fraction of small molecule polysaccharides, most of them are insoluble in high-concentration alcohol and dissolve in hot water, mostly in the inner wall of ganoderma lucidum cells. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are mostly heteropolysaccharides, that is, in addition to glucose, most of them contain a small amount of other monosaccharides such as arabinose, xylose, fucose, rhamnose, and galactose. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are also being studied extensively and extensively abroad.
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is one of the most effective ingredients in Ganoderma lucidum. Therefore, it is also highly valued by medical science and technology workers. It is known that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide has a wide range of pharmacological activities, can improve the body's immunity, improve the body's ability to resist hypoxia, eliminate free radicals, inhibit tumors, resist radiation, improve liver, bone marrow, blood synthesis DNA, RNA, protein capacity, extend life, etc. . Most of the pharmacological activities of Ganoderma lucidum are related to Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides.
2 . Ganoderma acid
Ganodenic acid is a triterpenoid, and more than 100 kinds of ganoderic acid have been isolated from various ganoderma lucidum, such as ganoderic acid A, B, C, D, E, F, G, I and so on. Ganoderma lucidum in different kinds of Ganoderma lucidum or in the same fruiting body of different growth stages, its content is different, so its bitterness is also different. Generally, Ganoderma lucidum has higher Ganoderma lucidum acid content, and Ganoderma lucidum in Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body The acid content is increased as its maturity increases and is concentrated in the peripheral part of the fruiting body.
Ganoderma lucidum has strong pharmacological activity, and has the effects of relieving pain, calming, inhibiting histamine release, detoxification, liver protection, and poisoning tumor cells. It is one of the main components of Ganoderma lucidum. Among them, the content of Ganoderma lucidum A, B, C, D is especially valued, and the quality of Ganoderma lucidum is high, and the quality of Ganoderma lucidum products is good.
3 . Adenosine
Adenosine is an active substance based on nucleosides and guanidines. Ganoderma lucidum contains a variety of adenosine derivatives, which have strong pharmacological activities, can reduce blood viscosity, inhibit platelet aggregation in the body, can increase the content of hemoglobin, 2, 3 bisphosphonate oil, can improve blood oxygen supply capacity and accelerate Blood microcirculation, improve blood supply capacity to the heart and brain. Ganoderma lucidum adenosine is a very active substance and one of the main active ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum.
4 . Other active ingredients
A. Ganoderma spore lactone A: has a cholesterol-lowering effect.
B. Ganoderma spore acid A: There is a transaminase action.
C. Azurin A, Azule B: Anti-inflammatory.
D. Uracil and uridine: reduced serum aldosterone in experimental myotonic mice.
E. Adenosine nucleoside: sedative, anti-hypoxia.
F. Oleic acid: inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells caused by 48/80 and 2318 compounds, in addition to membrane stabilization.
G. Ganoderma lucidum total alkaloid: significantly increase coronary artery blood flow in anesthetized dogs, reduce coronary resistance and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, improve myocardial oxygen utilization, and improve ischemic ECG changes.
H. Ganoderma lucidum cellulose: lowers cholesterol, prevents atherosclerosis, constipation, diabetes, high blood pressure, cerebral thrombosis, etc.
According to the speculation of Ganoderma lucidum, in addition to the above various active ingredients, Ganoderma lucidum contains many other active ingredients that have not been isolated and identified.